Koch

In the late 20th century Koch published his postulates. It was a revolutionary view on diseases, and it is used to this day. From that time hygiene has become more and more important. We have understood that some organisms are able to cause diseases. We can suppress these organisms by cleaning and disinfection so that the chance of disease is greatly reduced.

At that time life was easy. Postulates are also easy: One organism is found in sick human. In all humans with one disease we will find the same organism. Insertion of this organism to a healthy human will cause development with the same symptoms. We will find the same organism in these diseased humans. Despite the simplicity these postulates have great impact on health care today. Using these postulates we developed vaccines, disinfectants and antibiotics. After World War II health workers have become very trustful. With disinfectant and antibiotics we started to believe that no one will ever be sick. If we rarely were sick and used antibiotics, the world would be simple. Today we know that it is not that easy. Health care workers have very difficult problems with multi resistant bacteria (bacteria with multiple resistance). Disinfectants and antibiotics have not given the result awaited by people. We know that diseases have numerous factors. Metabolic diseases, viruses, prions influence immune system. It is more and more difficult to identify the organism causing a disease, it is more difficult to remove this unidentified organism. Shooting on unknown goal is a fight without good forecast.

Koch and his postulates made a revolution in conceptualising disease

Bacteria were the first alive organisms in the world. They have not survived since that time. Now we observe that they also feel attacks of disinfectants and antibiotics. They create small DNA chains containing data about resistance. Even among different families and genes of bacteria information exchange about resistance can take place. The health of human and animals is in danger.

In the battle for surviving bacteria have developed protection against disinfectants and antibiotics. This recently developed bacteria protection system will become the biggest threat to health of animals and people ever. New agents for cleaning and disinfection are necessary to resist this threat. New view is necessary on the possibilities provided to us by nature, on ecosystems, in which bacteria live. Then you can guarantee higher quality of care for the health of humans and animals.

I have studied ecosystems, in which bacteria live. My first and the most significant observation is that behaviour of bacteria in vivo and in vitro is fully different. In vitro – in laboratories – bacteria have access to all necessary, and they exponentially reproduce. This is the only way to study bacteria, scientific staff needs results very fast. Also for diagnosis in laboratories we need fast result to save lives.

In nature, the parameters for survival and reproduction of bacteria is not performed automatically.

Bacteria are everywhere. They are transferred by air. If they do not find the surface, where parameters satisfy the conditions for survival and reproduction of concrete bacteria, they stick to surface.

They start to reproduce and in few days can reach numerous populations, they are dangerous for health, if have pathogenic properties. During the reproduction process they work out exopolimers, and exopolimers create bio film inside and around colonies of bacteria.

E. Coli in vitro (in laboratory). All parameters for reproduction are shown. As a result in a few hours it is serious threat to health.

In natural conditions bacteria are forced to constantly seek parameters for survival and reproduction. It is the only way to survive.

After bacteria „build” own colonies surrounded by bio film they can survive very long time. Liquid (moisture) is occupied by bio film – safe home for bacteria. Reproduction can wait until first sources of energy are available.

Look at exopolimers, forming impenetrable network inside and outside the colony. It is their protection against disinfectants and antibiotics.	Bio film – safe shelter for bacteria.

With access to sufficient quantity of energy reproduction is very intense.

Bacterium sticks to surface. Their metabolism should adapt to new conditions of surface. It is so called delay phase. Phase of delay can also be translated as a phase of inaction. As soon as metabolism adapts logarithmic phase starts. It is the logarithmic growth phase. Afterwards stationary phase starts. Dying bacteria are in balance with emerging new. After this phase parameters for reproduction are exhausted, and bacteria produce enzymes for limitation of own colony. After this phase vegetative bacteria are left inside the bio film, waiting for new possibility for reproduction. If parameters are the same, logarithmical phase will start soon. If parameters have changed, phase of delay – phase of adaptation of metabolism will take some time.

Temperature is very important in the phase of delay and in the logarithmical phase. Higher temperature will facilitate more intense reproduction, low temperature slows down the reproduction. It is important to understand that at the temperature 5° C bacterial growth also happens, though very slow.

As soon as bio film is built, other organisms will start to enter the colony. As bio film is sticky surface, dirt will stick to its surface. The biggest part of this dirt is energy for further reproduction. This is the process of creating cluster of bacteria. These clusters contain pathogens, they can afflict organs of people and animals, causing diseases.

Cluster of different bacteria in one bio film.

Bio film is not build in laboratory conditions.

Bio film also protects colony from antibiotics and disinfectants attack. Researches have shown the difference in 200% between activity of antibiotics and disinfectants in laboratory and natural conditions.

It becomes a nightmare for healthcare workers.

We know that the majority of bacteria have some level of protection from antibiotics and disinfectants.

We know that the majority of diseases is called by clusters of viruses, bacteria and other organisms.

We know that bio film is protection from antibiotics and disinfectants.

We can only make a conclusion that micro-organisms have repelled human attack with chemical agents and antibiotics. They are ready to fall on us. Health of people and animals is in danger.