Enzymes (ferments) (from latin - fermentum – fermentation, leaven) are organic substances of protein nature, which are basis of vital activity of organism. These are imperceptible accelerators of all biological processes. Substances providing such action exist also in inanimate nature and are called catalysts. For the first time enzymes were extracted from alive cells in 1926. From that time they are used in medicine, food and light industry. Ferments were added to washing agents in 60-ies of 20st century. In 1963 to the market, from Holland were received first detergents of such type. But they were only for presoaking, as they died at temperature over 40°C.
In modern developments for “Biorain” ® trade mark
washing agents amino acids and enzymes inhibitors are actively used, which in turn put “Biorain” washing agents a few steps above other washing agents, since they let “gather” in one place ferments of different action, which are resistant to raised temperatures and alkaline preparations.
To understand which role enzymes play in washing agents, we need to know existing contaminations.
All domestic contaminations can be conditionally parted in several groups.
First these are products of human life activity, such as sweat excretions, remains of peeled skin, a range of bacteria. Such contaminations create on the surface oily film insoluble in water, which absorbs on its surface different parts of dust and soot, as a result pigment-oily contamination is created. This is the largest group of contaminations.
Second group – these are food contaminations, created during cooking and consumption of food. They can be divided into several groups:
These stains can be initially not colored or have just yellowish tinge. In due course such stains absorb on themselves pigment contaminations from dust and soot and appear on the surface of textile.
Contaminations that residue on textile from air are classified as the third group. Among them we can distinguish:
By method of removing all contaminations can be divided into:
- pigment oily contaminations, which count for approximately 70% of total number;
- colored non protein contaminations that are removed by bleachers and special additives, -10-20%;, - 10-20 %;
- protein – about 10%;
- water soluble contaminations, which are removed by wetting with water- less than 10%.
Pigment-oil contaminations are removed by surface active substances, colored non protein – by oxidizing agents, water soluble – can be washed by water. For effective removing of protein contaminations powder must obligatory contain bio additives.
Enzymes – proteins that consists of more than 20 main amino acids, each of them has unique content, which causes removal of bio contaminations, which are hard to remove. As a rule following types of enzymes are used in washing agents for domestic usage:
Proteases – alkaline enzymes – facilitate removing of contaminations, which contain protein, for instance, grass, blood, mucus and different food products, such as eggs and sauces. Mentioned substances are almost insoluble in water and have tendency towards sticking to surface of textile and other materials. Protease hydrolyzes protein that is in content of contaminations, with creation of peptides, which dissolve easily in washing solution.
Lipases simplify removal of contaminations on the base of lipids and oils, left by fat food and products of human skin excretions. Since insoluble proteins, starches, lipids and oils well «eat in» into textiles, thus removing this substances by enzymes raises common efficiency of washing agent.
Keratinases remove remain of dead skin scales.
Celluloses refresh color of textile, remove inlaid parts of contaminations, decrease tendency towards peeling, keep whiteness of textile, have softening action. Such action is determined by selective hydrolysis of outside layer of cotton fabrics, causing removing microfibers protruding from it. These microfibers are created by repeating wearing and washing of textile. Removing them cellulose restores smoothness of the surface of textile.
Enzymes can be in the form of powder, granules, including colored and liquid with different activity. Granulated ferments are broadly used in production, including mixtures of 2-3 enzymes. Such form allows to:
- raise efficiency of their use;
- prolong the action of washing agents in sewer runoff;
- raise product's shelf life;
-simply and precisely dose preparation;
- lower to minimum risk of environment pollution;
- provide maximal safety at work.
Enzymes are produced by non pathogenic microorganisms according to all sanitary hygiene rules and are classified as not toxic substances.
By development of recipe of washing agent choice of a particular enzyme is caused by prospective orientation of action of washing agents, since each type of enzymes feels the best in their native element. Speaking the language og biochemistry, for each enzyme is typical certain optimal value, temperature of applicaion, pH of washing solution, content of oxidizer, type of fillers and surfactants used.
Washing agents „Biorain” on enzyme basis are actively used as dish washing agents. In water solution almost the same happens to contamination as in any alive organism. The process of splitting fats to oxygen, carbon dyoxide, water, glucose occurs. The use of „Biorain” washing agents in dish washing machines is expectes, this will let at relatively low temperature wash contaminated surfaces quick.
Enzymes are used in different types of detergents, however the biggest diversity and amount of enzymes is is Bio powders.
Bio powder as any other powder first of all should effectively cope with common contaminations. Its other task is included in definition “bio” and is to remove stains of protein origin. Protease is included in its content for that. The most active and expensive in production is powder, in which all abovementioned enzymes are included.
“Biorain” powder is saturated with enzymes to such extent, that it can be easily called Hyper concentrate.
Many people have opinion: the hotter water for washing is, the better dirt is washed. Although by pouring boiling water into washing machine and adding bio powder you can at one's surprise get no expected result. Stains remain. It happens because washing at 90°С provides better result than washing at 40°С only when it is necessary to remove oily stains, but it is completely not applicable to stains of protein origin. This thing is explained by the fact that protein by rising temperature coagulate, stain «takes root» on the textile and it becomes more problematic to wash it. „Biorain” powder has in its content enzymes, which work at 60-70 degrees. Usually washing with bio powder should be carried out in two steps. First it is necessary to soak clothes – during this stage enzymes „work” on protein conteminations, at temperature suitable for theis ife activity. Usually it is 40-50°C. During second stage you can wash at higher temperature and even boil, then other components removing greasy and oily stains will start to work. Such regime of washing is suitable for all powders which contain enzymes.
Unfortunately, consumer of powders will always have to make a choice between qualitative washing of bio contaminations and bleaching, plus removing vegetative contaminations. It is explained by the fact, that active substances necessary for removing this two contaminations, hardly „get along” together. Bio ability is determined by content of enzymes, bleaching depends on amount of chemical bleacher, but big content of chemical bleacher slowers action of enzymes till their full destruction.
„Biorain” powder differs from all other bio powders with the fact, tat all types of enzymes are in the formula of this powder, as well as special neutralizers, which no one could repeat, which make possible existance of the most full range of enzymes. Extremely important is also the fact that these neutralizers make enzymes resistant to oxydizers. It means that powder will act also there, where is alakaline environment, and washing process can be one-step. Praxis shows that by machine washing clothes with usual contaminations are washed out in regime „delicate washing” by „Biorain”, as well as usual powders in normal regime.
It is proved by researches, that these preparations are compatible with human bio system and in no way influence processes, occuring in human organism.
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